Historical “Can I bring the Dog?”

“An interesting example of a 19th century American trader who imported large amounts hemp from Russia was William Ropes of Salem, Massachusetts. Ropes established a foreign office for his trading company at St. Petersburg in 1832, and until his death in 1859, traded American products such as mineral oil, for Russian goods such as hemp rope. Because of his connection with ropes and oil, he was known as “Ropeski kerosin” (Kerosine Ropeman) throughout the Russian Empire; where he traveled thousands of miles into its vast interior to buy hemp rope and other products, accompanied by his head clerk and a large dog named Tiger who helped protect him from outlaws (Morison 1921).”

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“It’s a car, what do you do for a car?”

Chico has learned to associate certain things that he used to be afraid of with treats. In doing that, he has learned to substitute behaviors I want for ones I don’t. Here’s an example. In the beginning, his fear of cars caused him to lunge at them, barking furiously. It was awful for both of us. I even bought a special harness designed so that the leash attaches to a ring on the dog’s chest instead of at the middle of his back*. If he did lunge at a car and I held my ground, when he hit the end of the leash, being connected to me at the center of his chest caused him to spin around and face me instead of what was bothering him. A big part of my job was (and still is) to announce scary things before he noticed them and even had a chance to get agitated. At first, I only had success if Chico was distracted by sniffing at something and I could hear an approaching car before its sound penetrated his consciousness. In those cases, I would announce “Car!” in a happy voice and start offering him treats. Lots of yummy “high-value” treats**. For a long time it only worked sporadically, but after 30 or 50 or 100 cars passed us, his behavior started to change. There came a day when I could say “Chico! It’s a car! What do you do for a car?” and he would look at me with the “is there a cookie in this for me?” look  instead looking at the car. Over time, when he heard a car, he started come over to me and sit at my side looking for a cookie. Eventually, he did this reliably enough that I started letting him go off leash on quiet dirt roads, not just in fields and woods. He wasn’t perfect and my few neighbors quite kindly started to slow down a little when they saw me, giving me a better chance to control in the dog before they got too close and he started yelling at their vehicles (once he started to panic and bark at the vehicle, the only way I could get hold of him was for the vehicle to stop). And he just gets better and better at it. I’d guess that Chico is able to come looking for his car cookie about 97% of the time these days. But 3% chance of a failure that could be fatal to Chico keeps me extra vigilant when we do walk on roads and it makes me keep him on a leash whenever we’re on or near a paved road. Repetition, consistency, and positive reinforcement have altered his behavior.

But it’s more than just staying safe around cars and roads. Chico’s learned that I have situations under control and that he is safe by my side, and that if he comes and sits beside me (instead of running at something scary and hollering at it), things will be OK, and he’ll probably get a cookie in the deal.

*This is the harness I got, there are other brands that may work just as well, but this is the one I was advised to buy. http://www.softouchconcepts.com/product/sense-ible-harness.

**I carry a bag with tiny training treats on my belt, just about all the time. The one I happen to have is the Treat Tote, available many places including, and if your pet or feed store doesn’t have them, through Amazon http://www.amazon.com/Canine-Hardware-Treat-Tote/dp/B000KK2DHI. High value treats are, for Chico, dense, rich and chewy – cheese is a good example.

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Dog friendly

Chico came into my life as a very reactive dog. Anything that he didn’t understand made him lose his cool and because there were a lot of things he didn’t understand, he lost his cool a lot.

One of my “homework assignments” was to take him out into the world and give him a broader range of experiences to draw upon. I haven’t met a pet store yet that wasn’t welcoming to dogs, but I was looking for a broader set of experiences for him, and for me.

Not far from home is a very dog friendly outlet-shopping complex called Settler’s Green Outlet Village where almost every store welcomes canines.

See that "Dog Friendly" sticker? I'd love to see that on more stores.

Many of the stores have dog biscuits behind the counter, so they are prepared for visits like ours. Sales staff and other customers all want to pet Chico and offer him a cookie, but he can be very shy about taking cookies from strangers.

Chico is a good and patient shopper. Here he's helping me try on jeans at the Old Navy outlet store.

Chico's friend Sharon manages the Brookstone outlet. We went looking for her one day this fall. She wasn't in, but the Christmas stuff was.

Over the last year and a half, Chico’s tolerance for the attention he gets when we go shopping has increased by leaps and bounds, but this is, I think, still his favorite part of going to Settler’s Green:

Who else has been here?

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Walk with a view

Last weekend I had the fun job of tending Julie’s dogs while she went out of town. White Mountain Agility sits on 90 acres, much of it in conservation, at the edge of an even larger piece of protected land. Each morning I took Chico and two of the four resident dogs for a walk. Chico really doesn’t like the other dogs, but he doesn’t pick fights*. He sort of takes a different walk than the other dogs do. They are all with me, but the dogs are not all together.

That's the back end of Chico, off to do his own thing while the other dogs wait for me to catch up so they can race off ahead again.

Yesterday we went to the top of the esker** where there’s a nice view on a good day. Three dogs looking at the view was too many, too close, but Chico could sit there next to Sport and get his picture taken.

In Chico's world, this is keeping his cool while being *really* close to a dog he doesn't have the best feeling about.

A year ago, I wouldn’t have attempted this picture. I might not have attempted the walk. I wouldn’t have trusted Chico and I wouldn’t have had the confidence to try and handle him and someone else’s dogs at the same time. Of course, Julie’s dogs are impeccably trained, giving me a big advantage.

*OK, if the other dogs try to get closer to me than Chico is, he comes in with a snarl and a sharp bark telling them in no uncertain terms that I am *his* person and they better stay away. It’s actually not at all cool and I aspire to end the behavior.

**An esker is a long, narrow ridge of gravel and sand that was deposited by a stream flowing in or under the glacier that covered New England from 110,000 to 10,000 years ago.

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One lucky dog

Chico, Dakota and I went for a ride this morning. As usual, Chico did his own thing; running about off in the woods, but not far away. At the end of the ride I saw something sticking up out of the fur on his haunches. I thought to myself, “those are funny looking leaves stuck in his coat.” On closer examination, I realized they were porcupine quills. Visions of a Sunday morning trip to the emergency vet danced through my head for a moment.

Buuut, and this is the “lucky dog” part, his haunches are where Chico’s undercoat is the thickest and the quills didn’t, as far as I could tell, get into his skin. Instead, they lodged in his fur.

To me the interesting observation is that he got these quills in him while he was running away. He wasn’t trying to get his mouth around the critter, the quills aren’t even at that end of him. I imagine that he was curious about this funny looking, very slow, squirrel and when Mr or Ms Porky-pine went into defense mode, Chico fled and got swatted on the rump. Today, I’m so grateful that he is a wuss. And I wonder what will happen next time Chico meets a porcupine.

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Dog and pony show

I don’t own, but get to ride whenever I like, a horse named Dakota who lives in my town. His owner has had a hip replacement and she hasn’t ridden for years, but she’s had Dakota all his life and she loves him very much and she continues to pay his board. When no one was riding him, Dakota was a lonely, bored, anxious, unhappy horse. By chance I stopped by the barn where Dakota was boarded to see if I could help out in exchange for the occasional ride. After I helped out a few times, the owner of the barn “gave me to him.” I’ve been grooming and loving and riding Dakota for three or four years now. In that time he’s become a happier horse and I’m a happier person.

Early in our time working with Julie, I mentioned that I am a rider and she said “Oh, that’s great! This dog could go all day with you on horseback.” I wondered how that would ever be possible, but took to the idea with a passion. I can go a lot further on a horse than I can on foot and if there was a way to let Chico benefit from that long a walk, my thought was “Well, heck, let’s figure out how to make this work.”

It was Chico’s lunging at cars when we walked on leash that gave me pause. I’d have to keep him on a leash until we reached the woods or fields where was safe to let him off. And that’s what I did all summer the first year we rode together. This year, I can ride away from the barn**. On our walks, Chico understands that an approaching car means he can run to me and sit by my side and get a “car cookie” and he knows that the same is true if I am up in the saddle. Sure, it’s bribery, but it maximizes the chances that we all have a fun, safe ride.

Chico can control himself until it is time for me to mount up and then he loses his mind with joy and excitement and starts telling me, in no uncertain terms, to HURRY UP and get going. After a very short time, he calms down and trots behind us or runs ahead. He drinks from streams, leaps over logs, does amazing flying changes of lead, chases chipmunks, rolls in dead stinky things, and generally has a blast. Here’s a short video of parts of a recent ride:

Video shot by Terry, much of it from Charlotte’s buggy.

** I can ride away from the barn if we go left out of the driveway, but if we go to the right I have to walk him past a certain point to keep him out of a someone’s flower garden. At the start of a ride, he is so excited that he can’t hear me call him, he doesn’t even react to the (almost) never fail “emergency recall” word. There is some scent trail that he follows every time we head out to the right that leads him right through these folks’ raised flower beds. And they, understandably, don’t care for that.

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Morning walk

Chico and I live in a beautiful spot. Yesterday we went out early and found this lovely sight.

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A few obstacles

A couple weeks ago I took the Flip to agility class and asked one of my classmates to shoot a little video when we were working with a sequence of obstacles. Amusingly, Chico loves the tunnel so much he ran it when I was asking him to go to the table. Julie and my classmates agree that I correctly directed him to the table, but he just tossed in the tunnel for the heck of it.

Chico loving the tunnel so much that he offers it when not asked is a sign of how far he has come with agility. The first 30 times we tried the tunnel it was shorter, it was straight not bent, he could see me at the far end and he still wouldn’t go through it. I’m so proud of him.

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First training exercises

I came home from our first lesson at Julie’s with a few games, as she called the training exercises, to play with Chico. That’s one thing I love about training with Julie: it’s all a game, if human and dog aren’t both having fun, something needs to change.

Since loud noises startled Chico (making him bark like a maniac), one of the first games Julie gave us to play was one I called “bang.” A round of bang started with me making a precarious tower of stainless steel mixing bowls and empty cans. If Chico would knock over the stack with a confident swipe of his paw, making quite a noise, I would click and give a generous reward. And then restack everything so we could have another round. We must have played this game for three to five minutes a day** for five or six weeks before he seemed not to need it anymore.

There was something about making that big bunch of noise and getting handsomely rewarded for it that made Chico start to think that crashes, bangs and other sudden noises weren’t actually so bad.

When he lost his cool at the vet’s office (see I never wanted the dog) she was leaning over him, so Julie surmised that he was uncomfortable if he felt crowded. To combat this, we played a game where Chico was rewarded for being willing to lie down under my leg. I’d put one knee on the floor and make an arch by bending the other leg. At first I lured him under there by reaching a hand holding a treat through the arch and withdrawing it as he followed, but soon Chico happily scooted under my leg to get a click and a treat.

Chico needed to learn to come to me when I wanted him. I learned to make a very obvious gesture, raising my arm above my head, hand a loose fist with one finger extended, and dropping my arm out to my side, about 120 of the 180 degrees available to it in that plane. This left me pointing at the ground beside me, the tip of my extended finger at dog-nose height. Chico’s job, his way to win this game and earn a treat, was to come to that pointing finger and touch it with his nose. Nose-touch finger, click, treat; repeat. We still practice this one.

My house isn’t so big, and with a couple feet of snow on the ground, it was an interesting challenge to get more than 10 feet away from Chico so we could practice this finger-touch skill. I ended up taking him to the horse barn where I ride (yes, Chico comes with me, but that’s a story for another day) and playing the finger-touch game. After work the barn was all closed up against the cold so Chico couldn’t get in any trouble if he chose not to do his job

** I was startled to realize that five minutes of dog training, done daily, can make a huge difference, if it’s kept up. And I read, somewhere out there on the internets, that, for a dog, five minutes of expending the mental energy that learning something new requires is as tiring as an hour or two of outside play.

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Click, treat

We use clicker training. Clicker training is based on psychology, operant conditioning to be exact (ja, go ahead and Wikipedia it, or go back to that Psych 1 textbook in the garage). A small clicker makes a noise that marks the behavior I’m looking for.

A clicker.

The sound of the clicker never varies so it is a consistent, clear signal to the dog that he has done something that I am interested in. Every click is followed by a treat; every singe click, always. “The clicker never lies,” and that makes it a powerful tool. It didn’t take Chico long to figure out that if I clicked a behavior, it was an interesting idea to try and get me to make another click by repeating the behavior. He was training me to give him treats.

Karen Pryor is a Grand Dame of clicker training and she has some very good explanations of clicker training theory and practice at Karen Pryor defines clicker training. The short of it is: “clicker training is an animal training method based on behavioral psychology that relies on marking desirable behavior and rewarding it.” Use the clicker to signal (or mark) desired behaviors and reward them, and pretty soon the dog is doing everything possible to earn that click. He’s not made to do things, he does things because he wants to.

Yes, I use a lot of treats, A LOT of them. No, Chico isn’t fat, he gets a small dinner at the end of the day. The treats come off his dinner and he doesn’t get breakfast. Yes, I am buying his compliance, but I have it. I could get that by beating on him too, but the benefit of clicker training and its principle of positive reinforcement is that in addition to a cooperative dog, I have a happy one.

And, if you couldn’t have guessed, that means a heck of a lot to me.

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